寧夏銀川旅游攻略：水洞溝導(dǎo)游講解詞中英文混合版?。ㄒ唬?/h1>
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2017-07-27
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寧夏銀川旅游攻略：水洞溝導(dǎo)游講解詞中英文混合版?。ㄒ唬?br />
Tour Guide Presentation—Audio Version 1
編號(hào)001 博物館概況，
Number 001 Overview of the Museum
游客朋友們，大家好！歡迎您到水洞溝景區(qū)參觀(guān)游覽，
Dear visitors and friends, welcome to visit Shuidonggou Tourist Attraction.
我們現(xiàn)在參觀(guān)的是水洞溝遺址博物院，它的外形仿水洞溝出土的名為石核的石器建造而成，建筑面積4308平方米，它摒棄了傳統(tǒng)展館的展示形式，以大型雕塑、超大型半景畫(huà)、幻影成像、實(shí)景、文物等展示形式，結(jié)合世界最先進(jìn)的聲、光、電等技術(shù)，再現(xiàn)了三萬(wàn)年前遠(yuǎn)古人類(lèi)生產(chǎn)、生活和災(zāi)難驟起被迫遷徙的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)景，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了中國(guó)博物館展示形式的先河，館內(nèi)包含目前國(guó)內(nèi)唯一“面積最大”的室內(nèi)觀(guān)眾介入式動(dòng)感體驗(yàn)區(qū)，其多項(xiàng)專(zhuān)利技術(shù)填補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi)外空白。
We are now paying a visit to Shuidonggou Site Museum. With the construction area of 4308 square meters, it is built by imitating the shape of the stone implement unearthed in Shuidonggou, which is called steinkern. Instead of following the traditional forms of display, it adopts large sculptures, super large panorama paintings, phantom imaging, live-actions, cultural relics, etc. By using the state of the art technology of sound, light, electricity, etc., it recreates the scenes of how the ancient people hunted and lived 30, 000 years ago, as well as the lively scenes of migration of ancient people triggered by arising disasters, which feature itself the first of its kind among Chinese museums. Furthermore, with the largest area in China, it is also the only indoor experiencing pavilion with audiences involved. Many of its patent technologies have filled up the blanks in the field both at home and abroad.
編號(hào)002 序廳雕塑：《發(fā)現(xiàn)》
Number 002 Sculptures of the Preface Hall: “Discovery”
我們現(xiàn)在所處的位置是博物館的序廳，眼前這組大型雕像，名為《發(fā)現(xiàn)》。它向我們表達(dá)的是：三萬(wàn)年前，一群遠(yuǎn)古人攜帶著狩獵工具離開(kāi)自己原本的生活環(huán)境，不遠(yuǎn)萬(wàn)里來(lái)到了今天叫做水洞溝的地方，眼前的景象讓他們驚喜萬(wàn)分
，這里草木蔥蘢，犀牛、野驢、原始牛在茂密的草叢中悠然地吃著青草，羚羊、轉(zhuǎn)角羊在湖與沙漠之間的灌木叢中享受著飽含露珠的肥美嫩葉，顯然這里非常適宜人類(lèi)居住，這支原始人就地宿營(yíng)，拉開(kāi)了寧夏歷史的序幕……
We are now visiting the Preface Hall of the museum. This set of large sculptures seated in front of you is named “discovery”. It reveals to us such a scene: 30, 000 years ago, a group of ancient people departed from their original habitat and traveled thousands of miles to a place named Shuidonggou. What they had seen thrilled them with a pleasant surprise. With luxuriant vegetation spreading everywher, rhinoceros, Asiatic wildass, Bos primigenius were leisurely feeding themselves in the thick growth of grass. Antelopes and Spirocerussp were feasting on the lush and tender leaves that are full of dewdrops. Obviously, it was quite a suitable place for the ancient people to live in. Thus they settled and kicked off the history of Ningxia.
編號(hào)003 Number 003
現(xiàn)在我們通過(guò)前言了解一下水洞溝文化：水洞溝地區(qū)是三萬(wàn)年前人類(lèi)繁衍生息的圣地。1923年，法國(guó)古生物學(xué)家德日進(jìn)、桑志華在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)了舊石器時(shí)代遺址，出土了大量石器和古生物化石。水洞溝因此而成為我國(guó)最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的舊石器時(shí)代人類(lèi)文化遺址, 成為中國(guó)史前考古的發(fā)祥地。此后又經(jīng)過(guò)多次考古發(fā)掘, 出土了五萬(wàn)多件石器和上百件動(dòng)物化石。其中構(gòu)成水洞溝文化基礎(chǔ)的石制品、工具以及石器制作技術(shù),可以和歐洲、西亞和北非的莫斯特、奧瑞納時(shí)期人類(lèi)棲居地的石器相媲美。從水洞溝出土的石器、裝飾品的制作工藝、精致程度分析，在三萬(wàn)年前，寧夏水洞溝人的生產(chǎn)已達(dá)到了同時(shí)代最先進(jìn)、最高水平，使用著領(lǐng)先的、精美的石制工具。這種現(xiàn)象, 為我國(guó)已發(fā)現(xiàn)的舊石器時(shí)代晚期文化所僅有。寧夏人民因水洞溝而感到驕傲，中國(guó)人民為此而自豪。
Now, we are going to have some knowledge of Shuidonggou culture through the preface. Shuidonggou area is the sacred place wher the ancient people have lived and multiplied 30,000 years ago. In the year 1923, French paleontologists P.Teilhard de Chardin and E.Licent discovered Paleolithic Age site and unearthed a large number of stone implements and paleontology fossils. Shuidonggou thus became the first place wher Paleolithic human culture relic was found and it became the “birthplace of Chinese prehistoric archaeology”. After multiple archaeological excavations, more than five thousand stone implements and hundreds of animal fossils had been unearthed. Among which, the stoneware, tools and stone implements manufacturing technique serving as the foundation of Shuidonggou culture can compare favorably with the stone implements discovered in Mousterian and Aurignacian human habitats of Europe, West Asia and North Africa. Craftsmanship and delicacy of the stone implements and ornaments unearthed in Shuidonggou prove that ancient people living in Ningxia Shuidonggou had attained the most advanced and highest level of production in the same age 30,000 years ago by using the leading and exquisite stone tools. This phenomenon is the only one of its kind ever seen in the late Paleolithic culture in China. People of Ningxia take pride in Shuidonggou and Chinese people feel proud of it.
水洞溝文化產(chǎn)生于荒蠻，影響于后世。水洞溝遺址博物院通過(guò)全面展示史前水洞溝人的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)和生活場(chǎng)景，使大家對(duì)水洞溝文化遺址有一個(gè)較為系統(tǒng)的了解，以增強(qiáng)人們愛(ài)護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、保護(hù)文物古跡的意識(shí)。三萬(wàn)年以前的水洞溝人, 會(huì)因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)他們的關(guān)注和珍愛(ài)感到欣慰。
Generated in the savage era, Shuidonggou culture has been influencing the later ages ever since then. By fully displaying the scenes of hunting and living activities of the prehistoric people in Shuidonggou, Shuidonggou Site Museum intends to make the visitors have a systematic understanding of Shuidonggou culture relic, which in turn would enhance people’s awareness of cherishing ecological environment and protecting cultural relics and historical sites. Ancient people living in Shuidonggou 30,000 thousand years ago would be gratified for our attention and love offered to them.
編號(hào)004 人類(lèi)演化史之食物來(lái)源與工具演變
Number 004 Human Evolution History: Source of Food and Evolution of Tool
人類(lèi)從原始人進(jìn)化到現(xiàn)代人，歷經(jīng)了漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，這里您可以看到人類(lèi)進(jìn)化的立體演繹場(chǎng)景：向我們打招呼的古猿告訴我們，采摘樹(shù)上的果實(shí)是古人類(lèi)最早的食物來(lái)源之一，發(fā)明了石器以后才有了狩獵活動(dòng)，鐵器的出現(xiàn)促進(jìn)了農(nóng)耕的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代人生產(chǎn)工具的多樣性，使得生活也更加豐富多彩。信息時(shí)代，生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)達(dá)到了專(zhuān)業(yè)化、規(guī)模化和科技化的程度，追求的是時(shí)間和效率······工具的不斷更新促使人類(lèi)文明的腳步不斷地加快！
It takes a long course for human beings to be evolved from primitive people to modern people. From here, you can have a look at the three-dimensional narration of ancient life: the ancient ape greeting us tells us that picking fruits in trees had been one of the earliest ways of sourcing food by ancient people. Hunting activities only started after the invention of stone implements while the use of iron implements later on promoted the development of farming. The diversified implements of production for modern people have made life more rich and colorful. Production in information era has reached a level of being professional, large-scale and technology-based and has always been seeking for time and efficiency…The continuous updat of implements has accelerated the progress of human civilization!
從人類(lèi)進(jìn)化場(chǎng)景可以看出在人類(lèi)進(jìn)化的歷史長(zhǎng)河中，古人類(lèi)發(fā)展主要經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)發(fā)展階段：依次是早期猿人、晚期猿人、早期智人、晚期智人，水洞溝人屬于晚期智人階段，距今約3萬(wàn)年-1萬(wàn)年，他的體貌特征介于第三四個(gè)模型之間，也就是說(shuō)水洞溝人經(jīng)歷了舊石器晚期和新石器時(shí)代，主要從事采摘和狩獵活動(dòng)，生產(chǎn)工具開(kāi)始從打制石器向磨制石器變革。
Judging from these scenes, we can see that in the long history of human evolution, development of ancient people mainly undergoes the following four stages: early ape man, late ape man, early Homo sapiens and late Homo sapiens. The ancient people living in Shuidonggou belong to the stage of late Home sapiens which dates back to 30,000 to 10,000 years ago. Their physical features lie between the 3rd and the 4th model, which means the ancient people living in Shuidonggou had experienced both the late Palaeolithic age and the Neolithic Age. They were mainly involved in fruits picking and hunting activities. Implements of production had started to change from chipped stone implements to polished stone implements.
編號(hào)005 投影
Number 005 Projection
人類(lèi)進(jìn)化根據(jù)形態(tài)變化分為四個(gè)階段：早期猿人、晚期猿人、早期智人和晚期智人，人類(lèi)最初是大型靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物，它們用四肢攀爬樹(shù)木，雙手輔助行走。在進(jìn)化的過(guò)程中，雙手解放出來(lái)，兩足直立行走，上身比例減小，腦容量逐漸增大，下頜骨收縮，面部趨于扁平，體毛漸漸退去，最后就變成我們?nèi)缃竦哪?。水洞溝人屬于晚期智人，也被稱(chēng)為解剖學(xué)上的現(xiàn)代人，是原始人的最后一個(gè)階段。人類(lèi)從早期猿人到晚期智人共經(jīng)歷了250萬(wàn)年的漫長(zhǎng)歷史。
Evolution of human being can be categorized in four stages according to morphologic changes: early ape man, late ape man, early Homo sapiens and late Homo sapiens. At the very beginning, humans were large primates. They climbed trees with arms and legs and walked with the assist of both hands. During the process of evolution, they could walk upright and hands were freed. While the proportion of upper body decreased, cranial capacity gradually increased. With the contraction of lower jawbone, their faces grew flat and their pilus gradually disappeared, which finally become our appearance today. The ancient people living in Shuidonggou belong to late Homo sapiens. They are also known as modern people in anatomy, which is the last stage of primitive man. Evolution of human beings from early ape man to late Homo sapiens has undergone a very long history of 2.5 million years.
006 石器介紹
006 Introduction to Stone Implements
工具是人力肢體的延伸，是人類(lèi)得以有效生存的基礎(chǔ)。遠(yuǎn)古的舊石器時(shí)代，古人類(lèi)制作工具的材料以石頭為主，較晚出現(xiàn)了骨、角等材料，由于其他材料易腐朽而難于保存。人類(lèi)留下來(lái)的大量石器成為了考古研究者的主要分析材料，他們以此探求古代人類(lèi)的行為和生存方式。人類(lèi)開(kāi)始制造石器工具大約是在250萬(wàn)年左右。
Implements extend the labor power and bodies, which serves as the foundation of human being’s effective survival. In the ancient Palaeolithic age, the ancient people mainly adopted stone as the material for making implements and materials like bone and horn were also used later on, simply because other materials would decay easily and be hard to preserve. Large amount of stone implements left by the ancient people have become the major materials to be analyzed by researchers engaged in archaeological studies. They explore the behaviors and ways of living of the ancient people. Human beings had started to make stone implements at approximately 2.5 million years ago.
在舊石器時(shí)代制作石器最原始的辦法，是把一塊石頭加以敲擊或碰擊使之形成刃口，即成石器。打制切割用的帶有薄刃的石器，則有一定的方法和步驟：先從石塊上打下所需要的石片，再把打下的石片加以修整而成石器。初期，石器是用石錘敲擊修整的，邊緣不太平齊。到了中期，使用木棒或骨棒修整，邊緣比較平整了。及至后期，修整技術(shù)進(jìn)一步提高，創(chuàng)造了壓制法。壓制的工具主要是骨、角或硬木。用壓制法修整出來(lái)的石器已經(jīng)比較精細(xì)。
The most primitive way of making stone implements in Palaeolithic age was to form cutting edge by knocking or striking a stone which finally became a stone implement. While certain methods and procedures were needed to make stone implements with sharp cutting edge for cutting purpose: First, the required flagstone was chopped off the stone and then was further trimmed to make stone implements. In the early stage, stone implements were trimmed by striking of hammer stone and thus the rim was not so even. Coming to the middle stage, wooden stick or bone stick were used for trimming, which made the rim more even. In the late stage, the technique of trimming was further improved and the means of pressing was created. The pressed implements mainly included bone, horn or hardwood. The stone implements trimmed by means of pressing had become quite delicate.
到新石器時(shí)代，石器制造技術(shù)有了很大進(jìn)步。首先，對(duì)石料的選擇、切割、磨制、鉆孔、雕刻等工序已有一定要求。石料選定后，先打制成石器的雛形，然后把刃部或整個(gè)表面放在礪石上加水和沙子磨光。這就成了磨制石器。
When it came to the Neolithic Age, great progress had been made in stone implement manufacturing technique. First, certain procedure requirements had been made on selecion of stone, cutting, polishing, drilling, carving etc. When stone was seleced, it was firstly stroke into the embryonic form of stone implement. Theedge or the whole surface of the stone was place on rough stone for polishing by adding water and sand. Polished stone implements were thus made.
磨制石器與打制的石器相比，通過(guò)打磨增強(qiáng)了石器刃部的鋒度，減少了使用時(shí)的阻力，使工具能發(fā)揮更大的作用。
Compared with chipped stone implements, the sharpness of the edge on polished stone implements was increased so that resistance force was less, which made the implements play a bigger role in practical use.
穿孔技術(shù)的發(fā)明是石器制作技術(shù)上的又一重要成就，穿孔的目的在于制成復(fù)合工具，使石制的工具能比較牢固地捆縛在木柄上，便于使用和攜帶，以提高勞動(dòng)效率。
The invention of drilling technique was another important achievement in the development of stone implements manufacturing technique. The purpose of drilling was to make integrated implements, which enabled stone implements to be solidly bound to wooden handle for ease of use and carry. Efficiency of labor was thus promoted.
原始社會(huì)時(shí)期生產(chǎn)工具的改進(jìn)，增強(qiáng)了人們向自然界作斗爭(zhēng)的能力，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)和生活的天地變得日益廣闊起來(lái)。但由于當(dāng)時(shí)人們所能支配的物質(zhì)只不過(guò)是石、木、骨、角和利用天然纖維簡(jiǎn)單加工而成的繩索等，這就限制了工具的創(chuàng)造和發(fā)展。
The improvement in the implements of production in primitive society had strengthened people’s capability of fighting against nature. The scope of social production and social activities was gradually broadened. However, since the materials that could be manipulated by the ancient people were only limited to stone, wood, bone, horn and rope roughly made by natural fiber, the creation and development of implements were constrained.
在這里我們仔細(xì)觀(guān)察一下中國(guó)的舊石器形狀，與后面水洞溝出土的石器比較一下看有什么區(qū)別？
Here, we will carefully observe and compare the differences between the Chinese stone implements discovered earlier and the stone implements unearthed in Shuidonggou at a later stage.
編號(hào)007寧夏水洞溝是中國(guó)最早發(fā)掘的舊石器時(shí)代文化遺址之一，被譽(yù)為“中國(guó)史前考古的發(fā)祥地”、“中西文化交流的歷史見(jiàn)證”，被國(guó)家列為“最具中華文明意義的百項(xiàng)考古發(fā)現(xiàn)”之一，全國(guó)文物保護(hù)100處重大遺址之一。是全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園，水洞溝還是我國(guó)唯一保存最完整的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城立體軍事防御體系。
Number 007 Ningxia Shuidonggou is one of the earliest excavated ruin sites of Palaeolithic age and is honored as the “birthplace of Chinese prehistoric archaeology”, “Historical Testimony of Cultural Exchanges between the East and the West” and “one of the most significant archaeological discoveries among the 100 Chinese civilization sites”. The site is also known as one of the 100 national historical relics under preservation. It is honored as the national key cultural relic preservation unit and national geological park. Shuidonggou is also the best preserved three-dimensional composition of the ancient Great Wall military defense system.
編號(hào)008水洞溝地理概況
Number 008 Geographical Overview of Shuidonggou
水洞溝地處鄂爾多斯臺(tái)地西南邊緣，遺址北可見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)城，自古就是農(nóng)耕與游牧的邊界，現(xiàn)在是寧夏和內(nèi)蒙鄂爾多斯的分界線(xiàn)。長(zhǎng)城之南有一條被季節(jié)性河流沖刷出的邊溝，由于地下水補(bǔ)給，一條小河常年流淌不停息，小河將原本平坦的臺(tái)地切割成兩壁峭立的峽谷，大概是依水而居的關(guān)系吧，遺址的大多數(shù)具體地點(diǎn)都在邊溝的崖壁上發(fā)現(xiàn)。長(zhǎng)城、深溝、峽谷可謂深溝高壘，它們和藏兵洞共同構(gòu)成了明代的邊防重鎮(zhèn)。為了保護(hù)長(zhǎng)城、遺址和恢復(fù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，水洞溝公司建了一座攔水壩將深溝分成東西兩段，壩的西面是蘆化谷，東面是紅山湖。自東向西千萬(wàn)年流淌不息的河水，孕育了水洞溝深厚的文化底蘊(yùn)和集大漠風(fēng)光與江南秀色與一體的獨(dú)特景觀(guān)。
Shuidonggou is located at the southwest border of Erdos terrace. The Great Wall is located to the north of the site. from ancient times, it had been the borderline between the farming people and nomadic people. It serves now as the borderline between Ningxia and Erdos in Inner Mongolia. To the south of the Great Wall, there is a side ditch scoured out by seasonal river. Due to the underground water supply, a small river runs in-between the flat terrace all the year round, creating a gorge with steep sides. Perhaps because the ancient people would always like to live beside the river, most relics are found in the cliffs along the side ditch. Together with the ancient-troop hiding cave, the Great Wall, deep ditch and gorge have composed deep and high barriers and the frontier stronghold of Ming Dynasty. In order to protect the Great Wall, relics and to recover ecological environment，Shuidonggou Tourism Company has built a check dam separating the deep ditch into East and West parts. To the West of the dam is Reed Flower Valley and to the East lies the Red Mountain Lake. The river that runs from East to West for thousands of years has given birth to the profound cultural deposits, as well as the unique landscape that combines the beauty of the vast desert and the areas to the south of Yangtze River.
編號(hào)009 水洞溝的古環(huán)境特征
Number 009 Ancient Environment Features of Shuidonggou
根據(jù)水洞溝更新世晚期地層出土動(dòng)物化石所反映的自然環(huán)境，可以認(rèn)為，在水洞溝文化時(shí)期，這里的自然環(huán)境是地勢(shì)平緩的草原荒漠地帶，賀蘭山云杉曾有一定量的擴(kuò)展，曾經(jīng)還活動(dòng)著披毛犀、普氏野馬、野驢、鹿、水牛、普氏羚羊、鴕鳥(niǎo)等動(dòng)物，我國(guó)北方東部河谷、平原區(qū)的冷濕環(huán)境也影響到了水洞溝地區(qū)，形成流水與湖泊相連的小環(huán)境。三萬(wàn)年前，地球?qū)儆诘谒募o(jì)冰期時(shí)代，當(dāng)時(shí)的水洞溝水草豐美，非常適宜人類(lèi)生存，碧綠的湖面波光粼粼，周?chē)菽臼[蘢，犀牛、野驢、原始牛在湖邊的草叢中悠然地吃著青草，羚羊、轉(zhuǎn)角羊在湖與沙漠之間的灌木叢中覓食著飽含露珠的肥美嫩葉，成群的鴕鳥(niǎo)在沙丘中急速行走。湖邊、草原上，青壯年不分男女都要手持棍棒和石器去打獵。他們使用的武器太原始了，有時(shí)，奔波一天，連一只野獸也獵獲不到，只好靠挖些植物的根莖和采摘野果和草籽度日。一旦捕到動(dòng)物，他們?nèi)缤^(guò)節(jié)一樣喜笑顏開(kāi)，剝?nèi)カF皮，大家圍坐在一起，在熊熊篝火上烤食，吃到高興，便圍著篝火跳起歡快的舞蹈……
According to the natural environment reflected by the animal fossil unearthed in the layer of Pleistocene Age, we can assume that in the Shuidonggou culture period, the natural environment here is desert steppe zone with gentle terrain. There had been a certain scale of Helanshan spruce growing here. Animals like wooly rhinoceros, Przewalski horse, Asiatic wild ass, deer, buffalo, Przewalski antelopes and ostrich had lived here. The cold and wet climate of the river valley and plain terrain in the East area of the Northern part of the country also has impact on Shuidonggou area, forming a small environment surrounded by waters and lakes. The earth was still in the Quaternary Ice Age 30,000 years ago. Being rich in water and plants, Shuidonggou was quite a suitable place for people to live in. The shimmering green lake was surrounded by luxuriant vegetation. Rhinoceros, Asiatic wild ass, Bos primigenius were leisurely feeding themselves in the thick growth of grass. Antelopes and Spirocerussp were feasting on the lush and tender leaves that are full of dewdrops. Herds of ostrich were running briskly in the sand dunes. Young adults, being male or female, were going hunting with sticks and stone implements along the lakes and steppe. Since the implements used by them were too primitive, they would sometimes fail to hunt one beast. To make a living, they had to dig for the rootstock and pick wild fruits and grass seeds. once animal was hunted, they would be light up with pleasure as if celebrating a festival. With the hide peeled off, everyone would sit around the roaring campfire to roast the food. When feeling delighted about the delicious food, they would start dancing merrily around the campfire.
編號(hào)010披毛犀
Number 010 Wooly Rhinoceros
已絕滅的一種哺乳動(dòng)物，曾是舊石器時(shí)代水洞溝人主要的狩獵對(duì)象。披毛犀體表披有御寒的長(zhǎng)毛和濃密的絨毛。這類(lèi)動(dòng)物頭骨長(zhǎng)而且大，頭部和頸部向下低垂，額上和鼻上各長(zhǎng)有一支犀角，鼻角尤其長(zhǎng)大，向前傾斜伸出。它的生活時(shí)代大約距今200萬(wàn)年—1萬(wàn)年。
It is a kind of extinguished mammal which used to be the main target to be hunted by Shuidonggou people in Paleolithic age. Wooly rhinoceros had been equipped with long hair keeping out cold on its body surface, as well as bushy fur. The skull of such animal was long and big. Its head and neck drooped downward. Each rhinoceros horn was grown in the forehead and nose. The horn in the nose was particularly long and big, reaching out in inclination. It lived approximately in 2,000,000 to 10,000 years ago.
披毛犀對(duì)于水洞溝的發(fā)現(xiàn)有著非常重要的意義，1919年，比利時(shí)神父肯特途經(jīng)水洞溝時(shí)，在崖壁上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具披毛犀頭骨化石，隨后告訴了他的好友，法國(guó)古生物學(xué)家桑志華，隨后桑志華和德日進(jìn)對(duì)水洞溝的考察和發(fā)掘，揭開(kāi)了水洞溝沉睡幾萬(wàn)年的神秘面貌。
Wooly rhinoceros plays a significant role in the discovery of Shuidonggou. In 1919, a Belgium priest named Kent discovered a wooly rhinoceros skull in the cliff when passing Shuidonggou. He then told the news to his friend, a French paleontologist named E.Licent. The expedition and excavation made by E.Licent and P.Teilhard de Chardin in Shuidonggou later on had unveiled its thousands of years’ mystery.
歡迎大家來(lái)到水洞溝官網(wǎng)，請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注我們后續(xù)更新的旅游資訊喲！
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2017-07-27
440寧夏銀川旅游攻略：水洞溝導(dǎo)游講解詞中英文混合版?。ㄒ唬?br />
Tour Guide Presentation—Audio Version 1
編號(hào)001 博物館概況，
Number 001 Overview of the Museum
游客朋友們，大家好！歡迎您到水洞溝景區(qū)參觀(guān)游覽，
Dear visitors and friends, welcome to visit Shuidonggou Tourist Attraction.
我們現(xiàn)在參觀(guān)的是水洞溝遺址博物院，它的外形仿水洞溝出土的名為石核的石器建造而成，建筑面積4308平方米，它摒棄了傳統(tǒng)展館的展示形式，以大型雕塑、超大型半景畫(huà)、幻影成像、實(shí)景、文物等展示形式，結(jié)合世界最先進(jìn)的聲、光、電等技術(shù)，再現(xiàn)了三萬(wàn)年前遠(yuǎn)古人類(lèi)生產(chǎn)、生活和災(zāi)難驟起被迫遷徙的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)景，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了中國(guó)博物館展示形式的先河，館內(nèi)包含目前國(guó)內(nèi)唯一“面積最大”的室內(nèi)觀(guān)眾介入式動(dòng)感體驗(yàn)區(qū)，其多項(xiàng)專(zhuān)利技術(shù)填補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi)外空白。
We are now paying a visit to Shuidonggou Site Museum. With the construction area of 4308 square meters, it is built by imitating the shape of the stone implement unearthed in Shuidonggou, which is called steinkern. Instead of following the traditional forms of display, it adopts large sculptures, super large panorama paintings, phantom imaging, live-actions, cultural relics, etc. By using the state of the art technology of sound, light, electricity, etc., it recreates the scenes of how the ancient people hunted and lived 30, 000 years ago, as well as the lively scenes of migration of ancient people triggered by arising disasters, which feature itself the first of its kind among Chinese museums. Furthermore, with the largest area in China, it is also the only indoor experiencing pavilion with audiences involved. Many of its patent technologies have filled up the blanks in the field both at home and abroad.
編號(hào)002 序廳雕塑：《發(fā)現(xiàn)》
Number 002 Sculptures of the Preface Hall: “Discovery”
我們現(xiàn)在所處的位置是博物館的序廳，眼前這組大型雕像，名為《發(fā)現(xiàn)》。它向我們表達(dá)的是：三萬(wàn)年前，一群遠(yuǎn)古人攜帶著狩獵工具離開(kāi)自己原本的生活環(huán)境，不遠(yuǎn)萬(wàn)里來(lái)到了今天叫做水洞溝的地方，眼前的景象讓他們驚喜萬(wàn)分
，這里草木蔥蘢，犀牛、野驢、原始牛在茂密的草叢中悠然地吃著青草，羚羊、轉(zhuǎn)角羊在湖與沙漠之間的灌木叢中享受著飽含露珠的肥美嫩葉，顯然這里非常適宜人類(lèi)居住，這支原始人就地宿營(yíng)，拉開(kāi)了寧夏歷史的序幕……
We are now visiting the Preface Hall of the museum. This set of large sculptures seated in front of you is named “discovery”. It reveals to us such a scene: 30, 000 years ago, a group of ancient people departed from their original habitat and traveled thousands of miles to a place named Shuidonggou. What they had seen thrilled them with a pleasant surprise. With luxuriant vegetation spreading everywher, rhinoceros, Asiatic wildass, Bos primigenius were leisurely feeding themselves in the thick growth of grass. Antelopes and Spirocerussp were feasting on the lush and tender leaves that are full of dewdrops. Obviously, it was quite a suitable place for the ancient people to live in. Thus they settled and kicked off the history of Ningxia.
編號(hào)003 Number 003
現(xiàn)在我們通過(guò)前言了解一下水洞溝文化：水洞溝地區(qū)是三萬(wàn)年前人類(lèi)繁衍生息的圣地。1923年，法國(guó)古生物學(xué)家德日進(jìn)、桑志華在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)了舊石器時(shí)代遺址，出土了大量石器和古生物化石。水洞溝因此而成為我國(guó)最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的舊石器時(shí)代人類(lèi)文化遺址, 成為中國(guó)史前考古的發(fā)祥地。此后又經(jīng)過(guò)多次考古發(fā)掘, 出土了五萬(wàn)多件石器和上百件動(dòng)物化石。其中構(gòu)成水洞溝文化基礎(chǔ)的石制品、工具以及石器制作技術(shù),可以和歐洲、西亞和北非的莫斯特、奧瑞納時(shí)期人類(lèi)棲居地的石器相媲美。從水洞溝出土的石器、裝飾品的制作工藝、精致程度分析，在三萬(wàn)年前，寧夏水洞溝人的生產(chǎn)已達(dá)到了同時(shí)代最先進(jìn)、最高水平，使用著領(lǐng)先的、精美的石制工具。這種現(xiàn)象, 為我國(guó)已發(fā)現(xiàn)的舊石器時(shí)代晚期文化所僅有。寧夏人民因水洞溝而感到驕傲，中國(guó)人民為此而自豪。
Now, we are going to have some knowledge of Shuidonggou culture through the preface. Shuidonggou area is the sacred place wher the ancient people have lived and multiplied 30,000 years ago. In the year 1923, French paleontologists P.Teilhard de Chardin and E.Licent discovered Paleolithic Age site and unearthed a large number of stone implements and paleontology fossils. Shuidonggou thus became the first place wher Paleolithic human culture relic was found and it became the “birthplace of Chinese prehistoric archaeology”. After multiple archaeological excavations, more than five thousand stone implements and hundreds of animal fossils had been unearthed. Among which, the stoneware, tools and stone implements manufacturing technique serving as the foundation of Shuidonggou culture can compare favorably with the stone implements discovered in Mousterian and Aurignacian human habitats of Europe, West Asia and North Africa. Craftsmanship and delicacy of the stone implements and ornaments unearthed in Shuidonggou prove that ancient people living in Ningxia Shuidonggou had attained the most advanced and highest level of production in the same age 30,000 years ago by using the leading and exquisite stone tools. This phenomenon is the only one of its kind ever seen in the late Paleolithic culture in China. People of Ningxia take pride in Shuidonggou and Chinese people feel proud of it.
水洞溝文化產(chǎn)生于荒蠻，影響于后世。水洞溝遺址博物院通過(guò)全面展示史前水洞溝人的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)和生活場(chǎng)景，使大家對(duì)水洞溝文化遺址有一個(gè)較為系統(tǒng)的了解，以增強(qiáng)人們愛(ài)護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、保護(hù)文物古跡的意識(shí)。三萬(wàn)年以前的水洞溝人, 會(huì)因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)他們的關(guān)注和珍愛(ài)感到欣慰。
Generated in the savage era, Shuidonggou culture has been influencing the later ages ever since then. By fully displaying the scenes of hunting and living activities of the prehistoric people in Shuidonggou, Shuidonggou Site Museum intends to make the visitors have a systematic understanding of Shuidonggou culture relic, which in turn would enhance people’s awareness of cherishing ecological environment and protecting cultural relics and historical sites. Ancient people living in Shuidonggou 30,000 thousand years ago would be gratified for our attention and love offered to them.
編號(hào)004 人類(lèi)演化史之食物來(lái)源與工具演變
Number 004 Human Evolution History: Source of Food and Evolution of Tool
人類(lèi)從原始人進(jìn)化到現(xiàn)代人，歷經(jīng)了漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，這里您可以看到人類(lèi)進(jìn)化的立體演繹場(chǎng)景：向我們打招呼的古猿告訴我們，采摘樹(shù)上的果實(shí)是古人類(lèi)最早的食物來(lái)源之一，發(fā)明了石器以后才有了狩獵活動(dòng)，鐵器的出現(xiàn)促進(jìn)了農(nóng)耕的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代人生產(chǎn)工具的多樣性，使得生活也更加豐富多彩。信息時(shí)代，生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)達(dá)到了專(zhuān)業(yè)化、規(guī)模化和科技化的程度，追求的是時(shí)間和效率······工具的不斷更新促使人類(lèi)文明的腳步不斷地加快！
It takes a long course for human beings to be evolved from primitive people to modern people. From here, you can have a look at the three-dimensional narration of ancient life: the ancient ape greeting us tells us that picking fruits in trees had been one of the earliest ways of sourcing food by ancient people. Hunting activities only started after the invention of stone implements while the use of iron implements later on promoted the development of farming. The diversified implements of production for modern people have made life more rich and colorful. Production in information era has reached a level of being professional, large-scale and technology-based and has always been seeking for time and efficiency…The continuous updat of implements has accelerated the progress of human civilization!
從人類(lèi)進(jìn)化場(chǎng)景可以看出在人類(lèi)進(jìn)化的歷史長(zhǎng)河中，古人類(lèi)發(fā)展主要經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)發(fā)展階段：依次是早期猿人、晚期猿人、早期智人、晚期智人，水洞溝人屬于晚期智人階段，距今約3萬(wàn)年-1萬(wàn)年，他的體貌特征介于第三四個(gè)模型之間，也就是說(shuō)水洞溝人經(jīng)歷了舊石器晚期和新石器時(shí)代，主要從事采摘和狩獵活動(dòng)，生產(chǎn)工具開(kāi)始從打制石器向磨制石器變革。
Judging from these scenes, we can see that in the long history of human evolution, development of ancient people mainly undergoes the following four stages: early ape man, late ape man, early Homo sapiens and late Homo sapiens. The ancient people living in Shuidonggou belong to the stage of late Home sapiens which dates back to 30,000 to 10,000 years ago. Their physical features lie between the 3rd and the 4th model, which means the ancient people living in Shuidonggou had experienced both the late Palaeolithic age and the Neolithic Age. They were mainly involved in fruits picking and hunting activities. Implements of production had started to change from chipped stone implements to polished stone implements.
編號(hào)005 投影
Number 005 Projection
人類(lèi)進(jìn)化根據(jù)形態(tài)變化分為四個(gè)階段：早期猿人、晚期猿人、早期智人和晚期智人，人類(lèi)最初是大型靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物，它們用四肢攀爬樹(shù)木，雙手輔助行走。在進(jìn)化的過(guò)程中，雙手解放出來(lái)，兩足直立行走，上身比例減小，腦容量逐漸增大，下頜骨收縮，面部趨于扁平，體毛漸漸退去，最后就變成我們?nèi)缃竦哪?。水洞溝人屬于晚期智人，也被稱(chēng)為解剖學(xué)上的現(xiàn)代人，是原始人的最后一個(gè)階段。人類(lèi)從早期猿人到晚期智人共經(jīng)歷了250萬(wàn)年的漫長(zhǎng)歷史。
Evolution of human being can be categorized in four stages according to morphologic changes: early ape man, late ape man, early Homo sapiens and late Homo sapiens. At the very beginning, humans were large primates. They climbed trees with arms and legs and walked with the assist of both hands. During the process of evolution, they could walk upright and hands were freed. While the proportion of upper body decreased, cranial capacity gradually increased. With the contraction of lower jawbone, their faces grew flat and their pilus gradually disappeared, which finally become our appearance today. The ancient people living in Shuidonggou belong to late Homo sapiens. They are also known as modern people in anatomy, which is the last stage of primitive man. Evolution of human beings from early ape man to late Homo sapiens has undergone a very long history of 2.5 million years.
006 石器介紹
006 Introduction to Stone Implements
工具是人力肢體的延伸，是人類(lèi)得以有效生存的基礎(chǔ)。遠(yuǎn)古的舊石器時(shí)代，古人類(lèi)制作工具的材料以石頭為主，較晚出現(xiàn)了骨、角等材料，由于其他材料易腐朽而難于保存。人類(lèi)留下來(lái)的大量石器成為了考古研究者的主要分析材料，他們以此探求古代人類(lèi)的行為和生存方式。人類(lèi)開(kāi)始制造石器工具大約是在250萬(wàn)年左右。
Implements extend the labor power and bodies, which serves as the foundation of human being’s effective survival. In the ancient Palaeolithic age, the ancient people mainly adopted stone as the material for making implements and materials like bone and horn were also used later on, simply because other materials would decay easily and be hard to preserve. Large amount of stone implements left by the ancient people have become the major materials to be analyzed by researchers engaged in archaeological studies. They explore the behaviors and ways of living of the ancient people. Human beings had started to make stone implements at approximately 2.5 million years ago.
在舊石器時(shí)代制作石器最原始的辦法，是把一塊石頭加以敲擊或碰擊使之形成刃口，即成石器。打制切割用的帶有薄刃的石器，則有一定的方法和步驟：先從石塊上打下所需要的石片，再把打下的石片加以修整而成石器。初期，石器是用石錘敲擊修整的，邊緣不太平齊。到了中期，使用木棒或骨棒修整，邊緣比較平整了。及至后期，修整技術(shù)進(jìn)一步提高，創(chuàng)造了壓制法。壓制的工具主要是骨、角或硬木。用壓制法修整出來(lái)的石器已經(jīng)比較精細(xì)。
The most primitive way of making stone implements in Palaeolithic age was to form cutting edge by knocking or striking a stone which finally became a stone implement. While certain methods and procedures were needed to make stone implements with sharp cutting edge for cutting purpose: First, the required flagstone was chopped off the stone and then was further trimmed to make stone implements. In the early stage, stone implements were trimmed by striking of hammer stone and thus the rim was not so even. Coming to the middle stage, wooden stick or bone stick were used for trimming, which made the rim more even. In the late stage, the technique of trimming was further improved and the means of pressing was created. The pressed implements mainly included bone, horn or hardwood. The stone implements trimmed by means of pressing had become quite delicate.
到新石器時(shí)代，石器制造技術(shù)有了很大進(jìn)步。首先，對(duì)石料的選擇、切割、磨制、鉆孔、雕刻等工序已有一定要求。石料選定后，先打制成石器的雛形，然后把刃部或整個(gè)表面放在礪石上加水和沙子磨光。這就成了磨制石器。
When it came to the Neolithic Age, great progress had been made in stone implement manufacturing technique. First, certain procedure requirements had been made on selecion of stone, cutting, polishing, drilling, carving etc. When stone was seleced, it was firstly stroke into the embryonic form of stone implement. Theedge or the whole surface of the stone was place on rough stone for polishing by adding water and sand. Polished stone implements were thus made.
磨制石器與打制的石器相比，通過(guò)打磨增強(qiáng)了石器刃部的鋒度，減少了使用時(shí)的阻力，使工具能發(fā)揮更大的作用。
Compared with chipped stone implements, the sharpness of the edge on polished stone implements was increased so that resistance force was less, which made the implements play a bigger role in practical use.
穿孔技術(shù)的發(fā)明是石器制作技術(shù)上的又一重要成就，穿孔的目的在于制成復(fù)合工具，使石制的工具能比較牢固地捆縛在木柄上，便于使用和攜帶，以提高勞動(dòng)效率。
The invention of drilling technique was another important achievement in the development of stone implements manufacturing technique. The purpose of drilling was to make integrated implements, which enabled stone implements to be solidly bound to wooden handle for ease of use and carry. Efficiency of labor was thus promoted.
原始社會(huì)時(shí)期生產(chǎn)工具的改進(jìn)，增強(qiáng)了人們向自然界作斗爭(zhēng)的能力，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)和生活的天地變得日益廣闊起來(lái)。但由于當(dāng)時(shí)人們所能支配的物質(zhì)只不過(guò)是石、木、骨、角和利用天然纖維簡(jiǎn)單加工而成的繩索等，這就限制了工具的創(chuàng)造和發(fā)展。
The improvement in the implements of production in primitive society had strengthened people’s capability of fighting against nature. The scope of social production and social activities was gradually broadened. However, since the materials that could be manipulated by the ancient people were only limited to stone, wood, bone, horn and rope roughly made by natural fiber, the creation and development of implements were constrained.
在這里我們仔細(xì)觀(guān)察一下中國(guó)的舊石器形狀，與后面水洞溝出土的石器比較一下看有什么區(qū)別？
Here, we will carefully observe and compare the differences between the Chinese stone implements discovered earlier and the stone implements unearthed in Shuidonggou at a later stage.
編號(hào)007寧夏水洞溝是中國(guó)最早發(fā)掘的舊石器時(shí)代文化遺址之一，被譽(yù)為“中國(guó)史前考古的發(fā)祥地”、“中西文化交流的歷史見(jiàn)證”，被國(guó)家列為“最具中華文明意義的百項(xiàng)考古發(fā)現(xiàn)”之一，全國(guó)文物保護(hù)100處重大遺址之一。是全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園，水洞溝還是我國(guó)唯一保存最完整的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城立體軍事防御體系。
Number 007 Ningxia Shuidonggou is one of the earliest excavated ruin sites of Palaeolithic age and is honored as the “birthplace of Chinese prehistoric archaeology”, “Historical Testimony of Cultural Exchanges between the East and the West” and “one of the most significant archaeological discoveries among the 100 Chinese civilization sites”. The site is also known as one of the 100 national historical relics under preservation. It is honored as the national key cultural relic preservation unit and national geological park. Shuidonggou is also the best preserved three-dimensional composition of the ancient Great Wall military defense system.
編號(hào)008水洞溝地理概況
Number 008 Geographical Overview of Shuidonggou
水洞溝地處鄂爾多斯臺(tái)地西南邊緣，遺址北可見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)城，自古就是農(nóng)耕與游牧的邊界，現(xiàn)在是寧夏和內(nèi)蒙鄂爾多斯的分界線(xiàn)。長(zhǎng)城之南有一條被季節(jié)性河流沖刷出的邊溝，由于地下水補(bǔ)給，一條小河常年流淌不停息，小河將原本平坦的臺(tái)地切割成兩壁峭立的峽谷，大概是依水而居的關(guān)系吧，遺址的大多數(shù)具體地點(diǎn)都在邊溝的崖壁上發(fā)現(xiàn)。長(zhǎng)城、深溝、峽谷可謂深溝高壘，它們和藏兵洞共同構(gòu)成了明代的邊防重鎮(zhèn)。為了保護(hù)長(zhǎng)城、遺址和恢復(fù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，水洞溝公司建了一座攔水壩將深溝分成東西兩段，壩的西面是蘆化谷，東面是紅山湖。自東向西千萬(wàn)年流淌不息的河水，孕育了水洞溝深厚的文化底蘊(yùn)和集大漠風(fēng)光與江南秀色與一體的獨(dú)特景觀(guān)。
Shuidonggou is located at the southwest border of Erdos terrace. The Great Wall is located to the north of the site. from ancient times, it had been the borderline between the farming people and nomadic people. It serves now as the borderline between Ningxia and Erdos in Inner Mongolia. To the south of the Great Wall, there is a side ditch scoured out by seasonal river. Due to the underground water supply, a small river runs in-between the flat terrace all the year round, creating a gorge with steep sides. Perhaps because the ancient people would always like to live beside the river, most relics are found in the cliffs along the side ditch. Together with the ancient-troop hiding cave, the Great Wall, deep ditch and gorge have composed deep and high barriers and the frontier stronghold of Ming Dynasty. In order to protect the Great Wall, relics and to recover ecological environment，Shuidonggou Tourism Company has built a check dam separating the deep ditch into East and West parts. To the West of the dam is Reed Flower Valley and to the East lies the Red Mountain Lake. The river that runs from East to West for thousands of years has given birth to the profound cultural deposits, as well as the unique landscape that combines the beauty of the vast desert and the areas to the south of Yangtze River.
編號(hào)009 水洞溝的古環(huán)境特征
Number 009 Ancient Environment Features of Shuidonggou
根據(jù)水洞溝更新世晚期地層出土動(dòng)物化石所反映的自然環(huán)境，可以認(rèn)為，在水洞溝文化時(shí)期，這里的自然環(huán)境是地勢(shì)平緩的草原荒漠地帶，賀蘭山云杉曾有一定量的擴(kuò)展，曾經(jīng)還活動(dòng)著披毛犀、普氏野馬、野驢、鹿、水牛、普氏羚羊、鴕鳥(niǎo)等動(dòng)物，我國(guó)北方東部河谷、平原區(qū)的冷濕環(huán)境也影響到了水洞溝地區(qū)，形成流水與湖泊相連的小環(huán)境。三萬(wàn)年前，地球?qū)儆诘谒募o(jì)冰期時(shí)代，當(dāng)時(shí)的水洞溝水草豐美，非常適宜人類(lèi)生存，碧綠的湖面波光粼粼，周?chē)菽臼[蘢，犀牛、野驢、原始牛在湖邊的草叢中悠然地吃著青草，羚羊、轉(zhuǎn)角羊在湖與沙漠之間的灌木叢中覓食著飽含露珠的肥美嫩葉，成群的鴕鳥(niǎo)在沙丘中急速行走。湖邊、草原上，青壯年不分男女都要手持棍棒和石器去打獵。他們使用的武器太原始了，有時(shí)，奔波一天，連一只野獸也獵獲不到，只好靠挖些植物的根莖和采摘野果和草籽度日。一旦捕到動(dòng)物，他們?nèi)缤^(guò)節(jié)一樣喜笑顏開(kāi)，剝?nèi)カF皮，大家圍坐在一起，在熊熊篝火上烤食，吃到高興，便圍著篝火跳起歡快的舞蹈……
According to the natural environment reflected by the animal fossil unearthed in the layer of Pleistocene Age, we can assume that in the Shuidonggou culture period, the natural environment here is desert steppe zone with gentle terrain. There had been a certain scale of Helanshan spruce growing here. Animals like wooly rhinoceros, Przewalski horse, Asiatic wild ass, deer, buffalo, Przewalski antelopes and ostrich had lived here. The cold and wet climate of the river valley and plain terrain in the East area of the Northern part of the country also has impact on Shuidonggou area, forming a small environment surrounded by waters and lakes. The earth was still in the Quaternary Ice Age 30,000 years ago. Being rich in water and plants, Shuidonggou was quite a suitable place for people to live in. The shimmering green lake was surrounded by luxuriant vegetation. Rhinoceros, Asiatic wild ass, Bos primigenius were leisurely feeding themselves in the thick growth of grass. Antelopes and Spirocerussp were feasting on the lush and tender leaves that are full of dewdrops. Herds of ostrich were running briskly in the sand dunes. Young adults, being male or female, were going hunting with sticks and stone implements along the lakes and steppe. Since the implements used by them were too primitive, they would sometimes fail to hunt one beast. To make a living, they had to dig for the rootstock and pick wild fruits and grass seeds. once animal was hunted, they would be light up with pleasure as if celebrating a festival. With the hide peeled off, everyone would sit around the roaring campfire to roast the food. When feeling delighted about the delicious food, they would start dancing merrily around the campfire.
編號(hào)010披毛犀
Number 010 Wooly Rhinoceros
已絕滅的一種哺乳動(dòng)物，曾是舊石器時(shí)代水洞溝人主要的狩獵對(duì)象。披毛犀體表披有御寒的長(zhǎng)毛和濃密的絨毛。這類(lèi)動(dòng)物頭骨長(zhǎng)而且大，頭部和頸部向下低垂，額上和鼻上各長(zhǎng)有一支犀角，鼻角尤其長(zhǎng)大，向前傾斜伸出。它的生活時(shí)代大約距今200萬(wàn)年—1萬(wàn)年。
It is a kind of extinguished mammal which used to be the main target to be hunted by Shuidonggou people in Paleolithic age. Wooly rhinoceros had been equipped with long hair keeping out cold on its body surface, as well as bushy fur. The skull of such animal was long and big. Its head and neck drooped downward. Each rhinoceros horn was grown in the forehead and nose. The horn in the nose was particularly long and big, reaching out in inclination. It lived approximately in 2,000,000 to 10,000 years ago.
披毛犀對(duì)于水洞溝的發(fā)現(xiàn)有著非常重要的意義，1919年，比利時(shí)神父肯特途經(jīng)水洞溝時(shí)，在崖壁上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具披毛犀頭骨化石，隨后告訴了他的好友，法國(guó)古生物學(xué)家桑志華，隨后桑志華和德日進(jìn)對(duì)水洞溝的考察和發(fā)掘，揭開(kāi)了水洞溝沉睡幾萬(wàn)年的神秘面貌。
Wooly rhinoceros plays a significant role in the discovery of Shuidonggou. In 1919, a Belgium priest named Kent discovered a wooly rhinoceros skull in the cliff when passing Shuidonggou. He then told the news to his friend, a French paleontologist named E.Licent. The expedition and excavation made by E.Licent and P.Teilhard de Chardin in Shuidonggou later on had unveiled its thousands of years’ mystery.
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